Don’t build that common bawdy house just yet

ShareTweet Despite the CBC’s attention-grabbing headline in its article, “Prostitution laws struck down by Ont. court“, absolutely nothing has changed — yet — with Canada’s anti-prostitution laws. Here’s a quick refresher on why the Ontario Superior Court of Justice’s decision in R. v. Bedford hasn’t yet resulted in a free-for-all in our nation’s red light […]

(Michael Turschic/CBC)

Despite the CBC’s attention-grabbing headline in its article, “Prostitution laws struck down by Ont. court“, absolutely nothing has changed — yet — with Canada’s anti-prostitution laws. Here’s a quick refresher on why the Ontario Superior Court of Justice’s decision in R. v. Bedford hasn’t yet resulted in a free-for-all in our nation’s red light districts.

Firstly, as is now the norm in any court challenge to the constitutionality of a law, the Court’s declaration of invalidity has been suspended for 30 days to allow the government time to work through certain “kinks”, such as the possibility that “unlicensed brothels may be operated in a way that may not be in the public interest”. (As an aside, we note the Court took the surprising position that delaying the declaration of invalidity for a longer period would somehow contribute to the danger faced by prostitutes, even though it cited the fact that the laws in question “are rarely enforced” as a reason not to strike down the law without leaving time to enact something in its place.)

Second, and let’s be absolutely clear here, despite the name of the Court this decision does not have binding effect throughout Canada. The Ontario Superior Court of Justice is the court of first instance in this matter. If someone else was charged with a similar offence elsewhere in Ontario, a judge of the same level court might (but need not necessarily) apply the same result for reasons of consistency. But there’s nothing forcing trial judges in other provinces from reaching the exact opposite conclusion on the same issue.

Even if this decision were upheld on appeal to the Ontario Court of Appeal, the decision would at best be “persuasive” to judges in other provinces. It would take a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada — something that isn’t likely to happen for at least several years — or corresponding  judgments in the courts of appeal in other provinces, for the effect of the “striking down” of this legislation to be felt outside of Ontario. That’s right, even though prostitutes in BC are subject to the same Criminal Code of Canada as prostitutes in Ontario, the interpretation of these provisions can diverge from province to province.

And that’s assuming the 30 day stay of the decision isn’t extended by further court order.

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“Canada’s Most Reliable Network” is No More

Rogers Communications Inc. will no longer be able to tout itself as offering Canada’s most reliable network, thanks to an injunction obtained by Telus Communications Co.

Rogers Canada's Most Reliable Network

Rogers Communications Inc. will no longer be able to tout itself as offering Canada’s most reliable network, thanks to an injunction obtained by Telus Communications Co. 

On November 24, 2009, the Supreme Court of British Columbia issued reasons for judgment in a case challenging Rogers’ legal right to advertise that it provides Canada’s fastest and most reliable network.  Telus based its challenge on section 52 of the federal Competition Act, which prevents “knowingly or recklessly mak[ing] a representation to the public that is false or misleading in a material respect.”

As explained in the reasons issued by Mr. Justice Grauer, wireless service in Canada has historically been provided using two different network protocols, the “Global System for Mobile Communications” (GSM) and “Code Division Multiple Access” (CDMA).  Telus and Bell historically operated on CDMA networks, while Rogers operated on a GSM network.

By 2006, Rogers was using a second generation “EDGE” network that provided peak data speeds of up to 384 Kbps, while Telus had developed a third generation “EVDO” network that increased peak data speeds to 2 Mbps.

Rogers launched its advanced third generation HSPA technology on top of its existing GSM/EDGE network in September 2007.  In the 25 Canadian cities tapped for the HSPA upgrade, Rogers’ customers are provided with peak data speeds of up to 7.2 Mbps.  Elsewhere, Rogers’ customers rely on the existing GSM/EDGE network.

Based on Rogers post-2007 upgrade, which provided an advantage for data transmission capability (enabling Rogers, in turn, to exclusively market the iPhone), Rogers advertised its network as both Canada’s fastest and most reliable.  Since then, Rogers switched its focus to its reputation as “Canada’s Most Reliable Network”, including in a campaign launched November 2, 2009 and scheduled to run until December 28, 2009.

Meanwhile, Telus joined forced with Bell to construct a new national wireless network using the most advanced HSPA technology available.  Telus essentially built the western half while Bell built the eastern half, both in parallel to their existing EVDO networks.  The new national network launched on November 5, 2009.  Telus argued that, in doing so, it completely nullified Rogers’ advantage, and has actually leap-frogged ahead of Rogers because Telus’ HSPA technology is newer and available more widely.

Thus, Telus argued, it was false or at least misleading for Rogers to continue to advertise that its network is Canada’s fastest and most reliable.

Telus’ claims under the Competition Act haven’t been decided yet.  But the victory for Telus flows from the Court’s ruling that, for now, Rogers must back away from its advertising claims of having Canada’s most reliable network. 

The timing of the injunction hasn’t been finalized yet, nor has its terms.  The Court acknowledges that the busy Christmas shopping season is upon us.  Both Rogers and Telus have been summoned back to Court on November 29th to determine the precise wording of the injunction order, including the amount of time Rogers will be granted to pull its offending advertising materials.  One things seems certain, though: Rogers’ highly successful and uniquitous advertising slogan is headed for the dustbin.

An interesting point argued by Rogers was that, even if its advertising was misleading, Telus could easily launch its own competing advertising campaign to set the record straight.  The Court dismissed this “marketplace of ideas” line of argument, however.  Requiring this of Telus would be too much to ask, the Court stated.  We imagine Telus will find a way of getting the word out regardless, probably with the help of those cute animals we’ve come to enjoy seeing in those “The World is Friendly” ads.

Good Fences Make Good Neighbours

Air conditioner and surveillance camera a nuisance to neighbour, rules BC Supreme Court. XW9DER24FJGB

XW9DER24FJGB

Good Fences make Good Neighbours

Suzuki v. Munroe, a judgment released yesterday by the BC Supreme Court, is the kind of case that begins to read like many other unfortunate squabbles. You half expect it to break out into Denningesque prose. Homeowner installs central air conditioning; neighbour complains about the noise. Homeowner installs surveillance camera that creeps into neighbour’s yard; neighbour complains about the invasion of privacy. It’s the kind of case you expect to end with the judge declining to intervene and reprimanding both parties for refusing to play nicely and wasting the Court’s time. Except not.

Like many Canadians getting accustomed to the effects of global warming, Janice and Richard Munroe found their poorly ventilated Coquitlam home to be uncomfortable in warm weather. In 2006, they purchased and installed a central air conditioning unit outside their home, which happened to be just a few feet away from neighbouring May and Kazuo Suzuki. The Suzukis, who rely on open windows for cooling and ventilation, returned home one Sunday evening in June only to learn that their pesky neighbours had put in a new air conditioning unit. The resulting noise, which the Suzukis described as sounding “like a lawnmower”, kept Mrs. Suzuki awake all night. Mr. Suzuki retreated to a corner of his basement.

The very next day, Mrs. Suzuki complained to the City of Coquitlam about the noise. She also says she negotiated a ceasefire agreement with the Munroes’ son (which the Munroes deny), pursuant to which the Munroes agreed not to operate the AC after 9pm. If it ever existed, the truce didn’t long. A few days later, the AC started running until “nearly midnight” and was cranked up again as early as 5:30 in the morning. None of this mattered as far as the City of Coquitlam’s bylaw inspector was concerned, though. The inspector couldn’t find evidence of any bylaw infraction, although, as the Court pointed out, it wasn’t obvious the air conditioner was turned on when the inspector dropped by for a visit.

It didn’t take long before the Suzukis and the Munroes lawyered up. Nuisance claims were filed. Experts were retained. Psychological injury was claimed. Injunctions were sought and obtained.

Oh, and then there was the issue of the Munroes’ surveillance camera. Mounted on the side of their home between the two houses, its view took into a portion of the Suzukis’ entrance, front yard and driveway. In response, the Suzukis amended their Statement of Claim to add a claim of nuisance in relation to the surveillance camera.

After going through the law of nuisance and reviewing the evidence of chronic stress disorder, acoustic decibel levels, and the standard fare of “he said – she said”, Mr. Justice Verhoeven referenced what might be described as the Law of Neighbourliness: “The Munroes did not consult with the Suzukis prior to installing the air conditioning unit just a few feet away from the Suzukis’ property. This would have been neighbourly and prudent, but they were not obliged to do so.”

But, after considering the “social utility” of air conditioners and the lack of evidence about the Suzukis being “abnormally sensitive individuals”, Justice Verhoeven concluded that the noise caused by the Munroes’ air conditioner was indeed unreasonable by objective standards. Nuisance established.

As for the surveillance camera, the Court had no doubt that it was an unreasonable interference with the use and enjoyment of the Suzukis’ property, especially since there was no reason why the Munroes couldn’t redirect their camera to avoid capturing the neighbouring property. The resulting inference: the Munroes installed the camera and refused to redirect it in order to provoke and annoy the Suzukis. Nuisance established.

The result: $4,000 to Mrs. Suzuki and $2,000 to Mr. Suzuki (who was less affected psychologically by the nuisances than his wife). And an injunction: the Munroes may not operate their air conditioner such that it causes sound beyond 55 decibels between 7am and 10pm, and 45 decibels during the rest of the day, “measured at any point along the Munroe-Suzuki property line”.

The Munroes are also prohibited from using a surveillance camera that monitors any part of the Suzukis’ property.

And the tell-tale sign that these neighbours don’t really get along: the Court required each of the Munroes to execute a statutory declaration to be delivered to the Suzukis confirming compliance with the order prohibiting use of the surveillance camera.

We shudder to think of the legal fees billed on this file. Read the entire judgment (and find coordinates for fun with Google Street View) here: http://www.courts.gov.bc.ca/jdb-txt/SC/09/14/2009BCSC1403.htm

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